家里門鈴壞了一個多月了,一直沒有時間去搞,過年前幾天剛好有點時間,拆出來看看發(fā)現(xiàn)由于電池漏液造成了電路板多處被腐蝕,修也是麻煩了,所以索性就自己重新設(shè)計一個出來。這個門鈴從電路設(shè)計,程序設(shè)計,調(diào)試及焊接都是我自己一手一腳完成,前后一共大概用了2天半時間。做出來的效果還是不錯的。大家有興趣可以試一下。
為了使門鈴更有個性化,我采用的是單片機,用單片機來產(chǎn)生所需要的響聲。其電路原理是控制單片機的IO口產(chǎn)生適當頻率的方波,經(jīng)過三極管放大后驅(qū)動自藕變壓器的一次測,這時在變壓器的二次測會產(chǎn)生相同頻率的高壓方波從而使壓電陶瓷片發(fā)生形變,發(fā)出較大的門鈴聲。電源使用的是4節(jié)干電池,共6V,單片機電源是6V電源通過二極管降壓0.7V后提供。
程序的原理就是通過控制單片機的計時器T1和T2來產(chǎn)生不同頻率的PWM波,然后通過定義一個歌曲的數(shù)組,來控制不同音調(diào),音高,音長,音高,音長。以下是曲譜的儲存格式:
曲譜存貯格式 unsigned char code MusicName{音高,音長,音高,音長。..。, 0,0}; 末尾:0,0 表示結(jié)束(Important)
音高由三位數(shù)字組成:
個位是表示 1~7 這七個音符
十位是表示音符所在的音區(qū):1-低音,2-中音,3-高音;
百位表示這個音符是否要升半音: 0-不升,1-升半音。
音長最多由三位數(shù)字組成:
個位表示音符的時值,其對應(yīng)關(guān)系是:
|數(shù)值(n): |0 |1 |2 |3 | 4 | 5 | 6
|幾分音符: |1 |2 |4 |8 |16 |32 |64 音符=2^n
十位表示音符的演奏效果(0-2): 0-普通,1-連音,2-頓音
百位是符點位: 0-無符點,1-有符點
調(diào)用演奏子程序的格式
Play(樂曲名,調(diào)號,升降八度,演奏速度);
|樂曲名 : 要播放的樂曲指針,結(jié)尾以(0,0)結(jié)束;
|調(diào)號(0-11) : 是指樂曲升多少個半音演奏;
|升降八度(1-3) : 1:降八度, 2:不升不降, 3:升八度;
|演奏速度(1-12000): 值越大速度越快;
由于門鈴在沒有按下時候CPU是沒有工作任務(wù)的,所以在沒有按下門鈴時,我令CPU進入休眠狀態(tài),這樣能夠省下不少的電,使電池的工作壽命延長。當有人按下門鈴時,就會產(chǎn)生外部中斷INT0,使CPU退出休眠狀態(tài),進入全速運行狀態(tài),當歌曲演奏完畢,重新自動進入休眠狀態(tài)。下面是主程序和中斷服務(wù)程序
void main()
{
IT0=1; //外中斷跳變產(chǎn)生中斷
EX0=1;
EA=1; //打開總中斷
InitialSound();
PCON |= 0x01;
while(1)
{
if(Play_music==1)
{
P1_7=0;
Play(Music_happynewyear,0,3,360);
P1_7=1;
Delay1ms(1500);
P1_7=0;
Play(Music_yingchun,0,3,360);
P1_7=1;
Play_music=0;
PCON |= 0x01;
}
}
}
void int0() interrupt 0 using 1
{
PCON &=~ 0x00;
Play_music=1;
}
電路原理圖
由于當時快要過年了,所以我編了一首“新年好”和“迎春花”應(yīng)一下節(jié),其實所有歌都可以寫,只要有樂譜就可以,這樣你就可以把自己喜歡的歌編成程序燒入芯片,打造個性化的音樂門鈴。下面我給出一些歌的編碼,由于2051里面的flash容量有限,通常只能裝下2首歌,所以如果想換歌時又要自己重新把代碼替換燒入芯片。
//新年好
unsigned char code Music_happynewyear[]={ 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x0F,0x02, 0x17,0x03,0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03,0x19,0x02,0x19,0x02, 0x18,0x03,0x17,0x03,0x16,0x01,0x16,0x03,0x17,0x03,0x18,0x02,0x18,0x02,0x17,0x03,0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x0F,0x02, 0x11,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x00,0x00 };
//迎春花
unsigned char code Music_yingchun[]={ 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x20,0x04, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x04, 0x17,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x20,0x04, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x18,0x04, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x04,
0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x1A,0x04,0x1A,0x04, 0x1A,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x67, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03,0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x0F,0x03,0x10,0x01,0x10,0x01,0x17,0x03,0x19,0x03,0x17,0x67,0x16,0x04,0x17,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x67, 0x16,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x17,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1A,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x1F,0x67, 0x1F,0x04, 0x20,0x04, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x04, 0x19,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x17, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1A,0x04, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x17,0x17, 0x17,0x67, 0x19,0x04, 0x1A,0x03,0x1F,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x67, 0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x67,0x17,0x04, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x0F,0x03, 0x10,0x01, 0x00,0x00 };
//揮著翅膀的女孩
unsigned char code Music_Girl[]={ 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x15,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03,0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x02, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x15,0x02, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x02,0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03,0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03,0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x20,0x02, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66, 0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x66, 0x17,0x04, 0x18,0x04, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x03,0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66,0x20,0x03,0x21,0x03,0x20,0x03,0x1F,0x03,0x1B,0x03,0x1F,0x66,0x1F,0x03,0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66,0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x00, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x17,0x03,0x15,0x17, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03,
0x17,0x04, 0x18,0x0E, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x04, 0x18,0x0E,0x18,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x20,0x02, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66,0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,0x1F,0x66, 0x1F,0x04, 0x1B,0x0E, 0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03,0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x17,0x03,0x16,0x66,0x17,0x04,0x18,0x04,0x18,0x03,0x19,0x03,0x1F,0x03,0x1B,0x03,0x1F,0x66, 0x20,0x03, 0x21,0x03, 0x20,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x66, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x1A,0x66, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1F,0x00, 0x18,0x02, 0x18,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x0D, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x02,0x18,0x66, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x00, 0x00,0x00};
//同一首歌
unsigned char code Music_Same[]={ 0x0F,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x66, 0x18,0x03,
0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x10,0x02,0x15,0x00, 0x0F,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x18,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x15,0x02, 0x18,0x66, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x00, 0x17,0x01, 0x19,0x02, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1B,0x70, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x01, 0x19,0x02, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1A,0x0D, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x00,0x18,0x66,0x18,0x03,0x19,0x02,0x1A,0x02,0x19,0x0C,0x18,0x0D,0x17,0x03,0x16,0x01, 0x11,0x02, 0x11,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x0F,0x0C,0x10,0x02, 0x15,0x00, 0x1F,0x01, 0x1A,0x01, 0x18,0x66, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x01, 0x1B,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03,0x1B,0x0C, 0x1A,0x0D, 0x19,0x03,0x17,0x00,0x1F,0x01,0x1A,0x01,0x18,0x66,0x19,0x03,0x1A,0x01,0x10,0x02,0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x1A,0x0C, 0x18,0x0D, 0x17,0x03,0x16,0x00, 0x0F,0x01, 0x15,0x02, 0x16,0x02, 0x17,0x70, 0x18,0x03, 0x17,0x02, 0x15,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x66, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x02, 0x10,0x01, 0x11,0x01, 0x11,0x66, 0x10,0x03, 0x0F,0x0C, 0x1A,0x02, 0x19,0x02, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x18,0x66,0x18,0x03, 0x18,0x02, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x19,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };
//兩只蝴蝶
unsigned char code Music_Two[] ={ 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03,
0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x01, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0E, 0x15,0x04, 0x0F,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x02, 0x16,0x0D, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x15,0x03, 0x10,0x03, 0x10,0x0D, 0x15,0x00, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D,0x16,0x03,0x16,0x03,0x16,0x0D,0x17,0x01,0x17,0x03,0x17,0x03,0x19,0x03,0x1A,0x02,0x1A,0x02,0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x02, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03,
0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x01, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1F,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x17,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1A,0x02, 0x1A,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x17,0x0D, 0x16,0x03, 0x16,0x01, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x1F,0x02, 0x1B,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x17,0x02, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04,
0x17,0x16, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x03, 0x1A,0x0E, 0x1B,0x04, 0x1A,0x03, 0x19,0x03, 0x17,0x03, 0x16,0x03, 0x0F,0x02, 0x10,0x03, 0x15,0x00, 0x00,0x00 };
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