目的：

每天自動接收附件為excel表格的郵件，里面包含客戶端IP地址、客戶端MAC地址、客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)名、交換機(jī)端口、交換機(jī)的名字等信息。可以給運(yùn)維人員帶來一些方便，直觀的查看那些非法的設(shè)備接入交換機(jī)的那個端口，方便遠(yuǎn)程shutdown端口（自動shutdown端口和DHCP拉黑MAC地址，還在編寫中）。

思路：

?1、用python代碼抓取交換機(jī)的上面的信息，例如客戶端的MAC地址，交換機(jī)端口，并把抓取的信息篩選，存入sqlserver數(shù)據(jù)庫。
?2、用Powershell抓去DHCP的信息，篩選客戶端的MAC地址，計(jì)算機(jī)名信息存入sqlserver數(shù)據(jù)庫。
?3、通過Python代碼，調(diào)用SQL語句，把輸出結(jié)果保存到excel表格。
?4、通過Python代碼，發(fā)送郵件。
?5、linux通過crontab，Powershell通過自動任務(wù)計(jì)劃，每天定時執(zhí)行代碼和腳本。

代碼塊

抓取交換機(jī)信息代碼，并保存到本地的txt。

import?pexpect
import?sys
import?datetime
import?os
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
path?=?"/root/F5/"+today#創(chuàng)建文件夾
os.mkdir(path,777)
ip='x.x.x.x'
passwd='^^^^^'
txt='F51FA-x.x.x.x.txt'
name=''#交換機(jī)名字
name1="----?More?----"
child=pexpect.spawn('telnet?%s'%ip)#telnet交換機(jī)
fout=open('/root/F5/'+today+'/'+txt,'wb+')#輸出結(jié)果保存到此txt
child.logfile?=?fout
child.expect('Username:')
child.sendline("admin")
child.expect('(?i)ssword:')
child.sendline("%s"%passwd)
child.expect("%s"%name)
child.sendline("dis?lldp?neighbor-information?list")
child.expect("%s"%name)
child.sendline("dis?mac-address")
for?i?in?range(10):
??index?=?child.expect([name1,"%s"%name])#命令輸出結(jié)果如果需要空格翻頁
??if?(?index?==?0?):
????child.send("?")
??else:
????child.sendline("quit")#如果還有其它命令可以寫在這里
????sys.exit()

代碼塊

powershell抓取DHCP信息，并輸出到數(shù)據(jù)庫。

#數(shù)據(jù)庫配置信息  
$Database   = 'MAC'  
$Server     = 'xx'  
$UserName   = 'sa'  
$Password   = 'xx'  
#powershell 抓取DHCP 可以看網(wǎng)頁 http://blog.51cto.com/wenzhongxiang/2065645

#讀取DHCPLease記錄 
#$DhcpLeaseResult1 = Get-DhcpServerv4Scope -ComputerName x.x.x.x |Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ComputerName x.x.x.x |Select-Object IPAddress,ClientId,HostName #這個命令是抓取DHCP服務(wù)器 x.x.x.x 的所有信息 只輸出IPAddress,ClientId,HostName 三列
$DhcpLeaseResult1 = Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ComputerName x -ScopeId y.y.y.y |Select-Object IPAddress,ClientId,HostName
#抓取DHCP服務(wù)器X（名字或者IP）,y.y.y.y作用域的信息，只輸出IPAddress,ClientId,HostName三列
#創(chuàng)建連接對象  
$SqlConn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection

#使用賬號連接MSSQL  
$SqlConn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$Server;Initial Catalog=$Database;user id=$UserName;pwd=$Password"


#打開數(shù)據(jù)庫連接  
$SqlConn.open()
#清空數(shù)據(jù)庫里DHCPLease記錄 
$SqlCmd = $SqlConn.CreateCommand()  
$SqlCmd.commandtext = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [MAC].[dbo].[DHCPF51F]'  #數(shù)據(jù)庫表要提前建立好
$SqlCmd.ExecuteScalar()

#插入最新的DHCPLease記錄
foreach($x in $DhcpLeaseResult1)
{
Write-Host $x.IPAddress.IPAddressToString,$x.ClientId,$x.HostName
$SqlCmd.commandtext = "INSERT INTO [MAC].[dbo].[DHCPF51F] (IP,MAC,Hostname) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}')" -f $x.IPAddress.IPAddressToString,$x.ClientId,$x.HostName
$SqlCmd.ExecuteScalar()
}
#
#關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫連接  
$SqlConn.close()

Exit

代碼

把txt文檔截取需要的信息，輸出到數(shù)據(jù)庫。

import?os
import?sys
import?pymssql
import?datetime
#數(shù)據(jù)庫信息
host?=?'x.x.x.x'
user?=?'sa'
pwd?=?'x.x.x.x'
db?=?'MAC'
#登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫，并清空[MACF51F]表的內(nèi)容
conn?=?pymssql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=pwd,database=db,timeout=1,login_timeout=1,charset="utf8")
cur?=?conn.cursor()
sqls?=?"delete?from?[dbo].[MACF51F]"#數(shù)據(jù)庫表要提前建好
cur.execute(sqls)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
path?=?"/root/F5/"+today
list1=os.listdir(path)#讀取文件夾下所有txt文件，注意不要放其它文檔，否則需要寫判定語句。
def?getid(linea,lineb):???
????conn?=?pymssql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=pwd,database=db,timeout=1,login_timeout=1,charset="utf8")
????cur?=?conn.cursor()??
????sqls1?=?"insert?into?[MACF51F]?values('%s','%s','%s')"%(linea,lineb,name)#sql語句插入數(shù)據(jù)，并命名列
????print?(sqls)
????cur.execute(sqls1)
????conn.commit()
????conn.close()

for?txt?in?list1:
????file?=?open('%s/%s'%(path,txt),'r+')#打開文件夾下的所有文檔
????name?=?txt[:-4]
????print(txt)
????print(name)


????for?line?in?file.readlines():

????????if?'Learned'?in?line:
????????????if?'More'in?line:#截取MAC地址，由于dhcp拉出來的MAC格式為xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx，所以我門要把交換機(jī)MACXXXX-xxxx-xxxx格式改為統(tǒng)一的
????????????????#linea=(line[43:57]).rstrip()
????????????????linea=(line[43:45]+'-'+line[45:48]+line[48:50]+'-'+line[50:53]+line[53:55]+'-'+line[55:57]).rstrip()
????????????????lineb=(line[84:107]).rstrip()
????????????else:
????????????????#linea=(line[0:15]).rstrip()
????????????????linea=(line[0:2]+'-'+line[2:5]+line[5:7]+'-'+line[7:10]+line[10:12]+'-'+line[12:14]).rstrip()
????????????????lineb=(line[41:65]).rstrip()
????????????print(linea)
????????????print(lineb)
????????????getid(linea,lineb)

代碼

抓取兩個表中MAC地址一樣的信息，并串接成一個表，并做成excel。

import?pymssql
import?xlwt
import?datetime

workbook?=?xlwt.Workbook()
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
sheet1?=?workbook.add_sheet('sheet1',cell_overwrite_ok=True)#定義sheet1
sheet1.write(0,0,'HotName')#設(shè)置列頭的名字0，0代表?0行?0列
sheet1.write(0,1,'MACAddress')
sheet1.write(0,2,'IPAddress')
sheet1.write(0,3,'Port')
sheet1.write(0,4,'SwitchName')


def?exceladd(HotName,MACAddress,IPAddress,Port,SwitchName,index):
????sheet1.write(index,0,HotName)
????sheet1.write(index,1,MACAddress)
????sheet1.write(index,2,IPAddress)
????sheet1.write(index,3,Port)
????sheet1.write(index,4,SwitchName)

host?=?'x.x.x.x'
user?=?'sa'
pwd?=?'x'
db?=?'MAC'
conn?=?pymssql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=pwd,database=db,timeout=1,login_timeout=1,charset="utf8")
cur?=?conn.cursor()
sqls?="select?Hostname,mac,ip,port,Switchname?from?[dbo].[MACF51F]?join?[dbo].[DHCPF51F]?on?MAC?=?MACADD?where?Port<>'GigabitEthernet1/0/24'?order?by?Switchname,Port"?#SQL命令?24口是上聯(lián)口?排除
cur.execute(sqls)

listall?=?cur.fetchall()#抓取sql輸出的每一行信息，并分解保存到excel表中。
index?=?1
for?line?in?listall:
????exceladd(line[0],line[1],line[2],line[3],line[4],index)
????index?+=?1
conn.commit()
conn.close()

print?('創(chuàng)建excel文件完成！')
workbook.save('/root/F5/%sF51FMAC.xls'%today)#保存excel

代碼塊

發(fā)送郵件代碼

#coding:utf-8
from?email.mime.text?import?MIMEText
from?email.mime.multipart?import?MIMEMultipart
import?smtplib
import?datetime
from?email?import?encoders
from?email.mime.image?import?MIMEImage
from?email.mime.base?import?MIMEBase

today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
def?sendmail():???????

????#創(chuàng)建一個帶附件的實(shí)例
????msg?=?MIMEMultipart()???
????ctype?=?'application/octet-stream'
????maintype,?subtype?=?ctype.split('/',?1)
????file?=?MIMEBase(maintype,?subtype)
????file.set_payload(open(r'/root/F5/%sF51FMAC.xls'%today,?'rb').read())
????file.add_header('Content-Disposition',?'attachment',?filename='%sF51FMAC.xls'%today)
????encoders.encode_base64(file)
????msg.attach(file)
????#加郵件頭
????msg_to=['xxx@xxx.com','xx@xxx.com','Klaus.Wang@xx.com','Eric.lai@xx.com']
????msg['from']?=?'xxx@xx.com'
????msg['subject']?=?u"[接入巡檢]?%s"?%today
????msg.attach(MIMEText('接入MAC地址記錄如附件',?'plain',?'utf-8'))

????msg['to']?=','.join(msg_to)#群發(fā)需要增加的，隱藏收件人不需要此行，直接調(diào)用msg_to就可以
????server?=?smtplib.SMTP()
????server.connect('10.17.37.96',25)#SMTP服務(wù)器地址
????#server.connect('xx.quantacn.com',25)#需要認(rèn)證的郵件服務(wù)器
????#server.login('xx@xx.com','xxxxxxx')?#XXX為用戶名，XXXXX為密碼
????#server.sendmail(msg['from'],?msg['to'],msg.as_string())?單獨(dú)一個收件人
????server.sendmail(msg['from'],?msg['to'].split(','),?msg.as_string())#收件人為多個
????#server.sendmail(msg['from'],?msg_to,?msg.as_string())
????server.quit()
????return?'發(fā)送成功'

print?(sendmail())

定期的任務(wù)計(jì)劃

1、Powershell通過windwos服務(wù)器的任務(wù)計(jì)劃每天自動更新DHCP的信息

2、linux服務(wù)器通過crontab命令 定制python代碼的任務(wù)計(jì)劃

成果

總結(jié)

后期會實(shí)現(xiàn)異常端口自動shutdown，和異常客戶端DHCP拉黑MAC地址。

編輯：黃飛

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