1. Introduction to the SD Card . 1-1
1.1. Scope 1-2
1.2. Product Models .. 1-2
1.3. System Features.. 1-2
1.4. SD Card Standard.. 1-3
1.5. Functional Description . 1-3
1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence 1-4
1.5.2. Defect and Error Management? 1-4
1.5.3. Copyright Protection? 1-4
1.5.4. Endurance . 1-5
1.5.5. Wear Leveling 1-5
1.5.6. Using the Erase Command 1-5
1.5.7. Automatic Sleep Mode 1-5
1.5.8. Hot Insertion? 1-5
1.5.9. SD Card—SD Bus Mode .. 1-6
1.5.9.1. SD Card Standard Compliance? 1-6
1.5.9.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions . 1-6
1.5.9.3. Card Acquisition and Identification.. 1-6
1.5.9.4. Card Status. 1-6
1.5.9.5. Memory Array Partitioning 1-7
1.5.9.6. Read and Write Operations 1-9
1.5.9.7. Data Transfer Rate . 1-9
1.5.9.8. Data Protection in the Flash Card .. 1-10
1.5.9.9. Erase . 1-10
1.5.9.10. Write Protection 1-10
1.5.9.11. Copy Bit 1-10
1.5.9.12. The CSD Register? 1-10
1.5.10. SD Card—SPI Mode. 1-10
1.5.10.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions .. 1-11
1.5.10.2. Card Acquisition and Identification 1-11
1.5.10.3. Card Status.. 1-11
1.5.10.4. Memory Array Partitioning. 1-11
1.5.10.5. Read and Write Operations. 1-11
1.5.10.6. Data Transfer Rate .. 1-11
1.5.10.7. Data Protection in the SD Card. 1-11
1.5.10.8. Erase .. 1-11
1.5.10.9. Write Protection 1-12
1.5.10.10. Copyright Protection 1-12
2. Product Specifications? 2-1
2.1. System Environmental Specifications.. 2-1
2.2. Reliability and Durability 2-1
2.3. Typical Card Power Requirements. 2-2
2.4. System Performance. 2-2
2.5. System Reliability and Maintenance . 2-2
2.6. Physical Specifications 2-3
3. SD Card Interface Description? 3-1
3.1. General Description of Pins and Registers. 3-1
3.1.1. Pin Assignments in SD Card Mode . 3-1
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iv SanDisk Secure Digital (SD) Card Product Manual, Rev. 1.9 . 2003 SANDISK CORPORATION
3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode. 3-2
3.2. SD Bus Topology.. 3-3
3.2.1. Power Protection? 3-5
3.3. SPI Bus Topology .. 3-5
3.3.1. Power Protection? 3-6
3.4. Electrical Interface . 3-6
3.4.1. Power-up .. 3-7
3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions. 3-8
3.4.3. Bus Signal Line Load.. 3-8
3.4.4. Bus Signal Levels.. 3-9
3.4.5. Bus Timing.. 3-10
3.5. SD Card Registers .. 3-11
3.5.1. Operating Conditions Register (OCR)? 3-11
3.5.2. Card Identification (CID) Register 3-12
3.5.3. CSD Register.. 3-13
3.5.4. SCR Register.. 3-19
3.5.5. Status Register 3-20
3.5.6. SD Status.. 3-23
3.5.7. RCA Register .. 3-23
3.5.8. SD Card Registers in SPI Mode. 3-24
3.6. Data Interchange Format and Card Sizes? 3-24
4. Secure Digital (SD) Card Protocol Description.. 4-1
4.1. SD Bus Protocol. 4-1
4.2. Protocol’s Functional Description.. 4-4
4.3. Card Identification Mode? 4-5
4.3.1. Reset 4-6
4.3.2. Operating Voltage Range Validation .. 4-7
4.3.3. Card Identification Process .. 4-7
4.4. Data Transfer Mode .. 4-8
4.4.1. Wide Bus Selection/Deselection? 4-10
4.4.2. Data Read Format . 4-10
4.4.3. Data Write Format? 4-11
4.4.4. Write Protect Management .. 4-13
4.4.4.1. Mechanical Write Protect Switch .. 4-13
4.4.4.2. Card’s Internal Write Protection (Optional) . 4-13
4.4.5. Application Specific Commands 4-13
4.5. Clock Control .. 4-14
4.6. Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC).. 4-15
4.7. Error Conditions. 4-17
4.7.1. CRC and Illegal Command .. 4-17
4.7.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions .. 4-17
4.8. Commands. 4-17
4.8.1. Command Types? 4-18
4.8.2. Command Format.. 4-18
4.8.3. Command Classes . 4-18
4.8.4. Detailed Command Description . 4-20
4.9. Card State Transition Table 4-24
4.10. Responses 4-25
4.11. Timings? 4-27
4.11.1. Command and Response . 4-27
4.11.2. Data Read.. 4-28
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SanDisk Secure Digital (SD) Card Product Manual, Rev. 1.9 . 2003 SANDISK CORPORATION v
4.11.3. Data Write. 4-29
4.11.4. Timing Values.. 4-32
5. SPI Protocol Definition . 5-1
5.1. SPI Bus Protocol . 5-1
5.1.1. Mode Selection .. 5-1
5.1.2. Bus Transfer Protection . 5-2
5.1.3. Data Read. 5-2
5.1.4. Data Write 5-3
5.1.5. Erase and Write Protect Management. 5-4
5.1.6. Read CID/CSD Registers.. 5-4
5.1.7. Reset Sequence .. 5-5
5.1.8. Clock Control. 5-5
5.1.9. Error Conditions 5-6
5.1.9.1. CRC and Illegal Commands . 5-6
5.1.9.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions? 5-6
5.1.10. Memory Array Partitioning 5-8
5.1.11. Card Lock/Unlock.. 5-8
5.1.12. Application Specific Commands. 5-8
5.1.13. Copyright Protection Commands 5-8
5.2. SPI Command Set .. 5-8
5.2.1. Command Format.. 5-8
5.2.2. Command Classes . 5-9
5.2.2.1. Detailed Command Description.. 5-9
5.2.3. Responses. 5-12
5.2.3.1. Format R1 .. 5-13
5.2.3.2. Format R1b? 5-13
5.2.3.3. Format R2 .. 5-13
5.2.3.4. Format R3 .. 5-14
5.2.3.5. Data Response . 5-15
5.2.4. Data Tokens . 5-15
5.2.5. Data Error Token .. 5-16
5.2.6. Clearing Status Bits.. 5-16
5.3. Card Registers . 5-16
5.4. SPI Bus Timing Diagrams.. 5-16
5.4.1. Command/Response. 5-17
5.4.2. Data Read. 5-18
5.4.3. Data Write 5-18
5.4.4. Timing Values. 5-19
5.5. SPI Electrical Interface. 5-19
5.6. SPI Bus Operating Conditions . 5-19
5.7. Bus Timing 5-19
Appendix A. Application Note A-1
Host Design Considerations: NAND MMC and SD-based Products
Introduction? A-1
Timing.. A-1
Timing specifications . A-1
Read access and program times. A-1
Interface A-2
Read/Write Mode Selection? A-4
Power and Clock Control . A-4
Initialization Algorithm A-5
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vi SanDisk Secure Digital (SD) Card Product Manual, Rev. 1.9 . 2003 SANDISK CORPORATION
File System Support .. A-5
Appendix B. Ordering Information? B-1
Appendix C. SanDisk Worldwide Sales Offices . C-1
Appendix D. Limited Warranty.. D-1
Appendix E. Disclaimer of Liability . E-1