二次電池技術(shù)提供能量存儲(chǔ)的折衷方案

　　電池供電系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)普及，這得益于新的電池化學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得能夠?yàn)樵絹?lái)越廣泛的系統(tǒng)提供能量。二次電池已成為重要的能源來(lái)源，為電子系統(tǒng)提供了比原系統(tǒng)更為環(huán)保的解決方案，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢猿潆姸皇且笮码姵兀f電池在運(yùn)行時(shí)會(huì)被丟棄。

　　如果不作為主要電源，二次電池可以在許多消費(fèi)和輕工業(yè)應(yīng)用中發(fā)揮重要作用，在主電源故障時(shí)提供必要的后備電源。它們可以充當(dāng)能量源，以節(jié)省電源，或者允許原電池進(jìn)行交換，而不會(huì)丟失存儲(chǔ)在易失性存儲(chǔ)器中的寶貴數(shù)據(jù)。充電技術(shù)的使用使他們能夠充分充電，并準(zhǔn)備支持系統(tǒng)，利用主要能源的能源。這確保了正常運(yùn)行時(shí)間不會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移退化，因?yàn)樗鼘⑹褂靡淮纬潆婋姵亍?/p>

　　主要有四種類型的可充電電池供電，現(xiàn)在普遍使用的電子電氣設(shè)備：密封鉛酸電池；鎳鎘（NiCd）電池；鎳氫（NiMH）電池和鋰離子電池。它們各自都有各自的特點(diǎn)，但也有一些共同的特性。

　　大多數(shù)電池化學(xué)成分在供電方式上是非線性的。電池的容量與它所提供的電流有關(guān)；通常，電池的電流越大，電池的有效容量就越低。例如，電流為5毫安時(shí)，電池容量可能為1000毫安。然而，同一電池的容量為500毫安，電流為200毫安。

　　Further， the chemistry and construction of a secondary cell have a strong bearing on the way in which it can be recharged and discharged and its ability to sustain a high enough voltage to power the circuit. Some chemistries can provide high discharge or charge rates， but their output voltages can drop quickly at some point， possibly beyond the ability of the load circuit to continue performing. As a result， the load is unable to use all the energy available. A further consideration is how quickly the energy can be restored to the battery once the main power supply has been reactivated， and whether the cell can be charged regularly or it is best to perform a deep discharge followed by a recharge.

　　The memory effect in batteries is particularly noticeable for NiCd cells， which suffer reductions in their useable capacity if they experience repeated shallow cycling. For example， if the interruptions to power are short lived and frequent and the batteries are recharged each time， the memory effect will lead to a fall in their effective maximum capacity.