SAMSUNG LCD TECHNOLOGY
http://www.samsung.com/Products/TFTLCD/Technology/wiTFTLCD.htm
GENERAL TECHNOLOGY
What is TFT LCD?
TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) has a sandwich-like structure with liquid crystal filled between two glass plates.
TFT Glass has as many TFTs as the number of pixels displayed, while a Color Filter Glass has color filter which generates color. Liquid crystals move according to the difference in voltage between the Color Filter Glass and the TFT Glass. The amount of light supplied by Back Light is determined by the amount of movement of the liquid crystals in such a way as to generate color.
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Liquid crystal was discovered by the Austrian botanist Fredreich Rheinizer in 1888. "Liquid crystal" is neither solid nor liquid (an example is soapy water).
In the mid-1960s, scientists showed that liquid crystals when stimulated by an external electrical charge could change the properties of light passing through the crystals. The early prototypes (late 1960s) were too unstable for mass production. But all of that changed when a British researcher proposed a stable, liquid crystal material (biphenyl). Today's color LCDs have a sandwich-like structure (see figure below).

The history of LCD
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CRT which is using as one of display material that we usually call 'monitor' was born
when Braun invented an electron tube (a cathoderay tube, Braun tube) in 1887, LCD is originated as Reinitzer, Austrian discovered Liquid Crystal in 1888 one year later than CRT. In deed, CRT and LCD was begun at the almost same time.
Shwenberg, England invented a vacuum tube TV with CRT in 1934, on the other hand LCD hadn't been applied to display until RCA, US company used in 1968.
Even though it took pretty long time that LC was adapted to a display device, STN-LCD and small TFT-LCD was developed to the practical use level in 1986 while an electronic calculator and an electronic watch were highlighted as a display.
LCD became a representative Display Device of Note PC in the 1990's when 10.0" TFT-LCD was starting as mass-production.
Nowadays, LCD is widely applied to the Computer monitor, Digital TV, Mobile, etc. as a substitution of CRT.