Introduction
Evaluating frequency responses of components and circuits is essential for
ensuring the performance of electronic equipment. Especially in the case of the
high-reliability electronic equipment used in automotive, medical, and aerospace
and defense industries, it is necessary to evaluate a wide variety of components
and circuits in the low- to high-frequency ranges. Among these applications,
the low-frequency network analyzer plays an important role in ensuring the
stable and reliable operation of low-frequency analog circuits such as sensor
systems and power supplies. You need a better understanding of low-frequency
network analysis (gain-phase measurements) as well as RF network analysis
(S-parameter measurements).
This application note describes fundamentals of low-frequency network analysis
using the E5061B LF-RF network analyzer. Here we mainly discuss simple
low-frequency 2-port device measurements and associated topics such as high-
impedance probing techniques and high-attenuation measurements.